Costs of study, student income, and study behaviour in Denmark.

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Appendix

Appendix A. List of tables

Table 1. Budget for 18-29 year old people. Annual amounts 1995.

Table 2. Newly enrolled students in higher education in eastern Denmark in 1994, distribution by type of accommodation and enrolment-age.

Table 3. Rents for accommodation in students halls and youth housing units in the Greater Copenhagen area 1997.

Table 4. Key-figures on support expenditure 1991 and 1996.

Table 5. Key-figures on grant recipients 1991 and 1996.

Table 6. Grant and loan rates 1997 for students following youth education programmes.

Table 7. Grant and loan rates 1997 for students in higher education.

Table 8. Monthly and annual free amounts 1997.

Table 9. Number of debtors with student loan debt at the end of 1996.

Table 10. Support recipients 1991 and 1996 distributed by category of education.

Table 11. Support recipients 1991 and 1996 distributed by residence status.

Table 12. Support expenditure 1991 and 1996 distributed by category of education.

Table 13. Annual grant and loan amounts for students in higher education 1991 and 1996 in current prices and in terms of 1991 prices.

Table 14. Amount at disposal before tax for a full-time student in higher education living on his own receiving the full range of support in 1991 and 1996 in current prices and in terms of 1991 prices.

Table 15. Average grant amount awarded per student supported in 1991 and 1996 distributed by category of education.

Table 16. Economic support from parents.

Table 17. Grant and loan available 1997 while the student have a personal income besides from e.g. gainful employment.

Table 18. The monthly number of work-hours among grant-recipients and non-recipient students.

Table 19. Grant recipients in higher education 1996 distributed by income in 1996 in addition to the grants received.

Table 20. Study progress among grant recipients enrolled in 1985 and 1990 after 3 years of studying.

Table 21. Study progress among non-recipients enrolled in 1985 and 1990 after 3 years of studying.

Table 22. Year 1985. Study progress among all students at different age groups after 3 years of studying.

Table 23. Year 1990. Study progress among all students at different age groups after 3 years of studying.

Table 24. Debtors under repayment at the end of 1996, distributed by the amount of the annual instalment.

Table 25. Support recipients and non-recipients among students enrolled in 1985 after 2 years of studying distributed by age.

Table 26. Support recipients and non-recipients among students enrolled in 1990 after 2 years of studying distributed by age.

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Appendix B. The thesis from the Institute of Political Science, University of Copenhagen (Anthony, S. and Elbrus, J.), 1997.

The thesis contains two empirical studies involving students at the University of Copenhagen:

A comparative study of years 1985 and 1990

The comparative study has a population of just under 3.500 students at ten different courses, that together comprise a representative section of all students enrolled at the University of Copenhagen in 1985 respectively 1990.

The study is based on a combination of data from Statistics Denmark and the Student Register of the University of Copenhagen.

The data includes, among other factors, student income (from gainful employment, state grants and loans), and other public subsidies), sex, age, title of course and study progress after 1 and 3 years respectively.

The study progress of each individual student was decided manually by comparing number of credits to number of credits expected of a full-time student.

A questionnaire of current students in 1996

This empirical study includes a representative section of all current, full-time students at the University of Copenhagen in September 1996.

The questionnaire was posted to 1.000 students and 77,5 per cent responded.

Besides giving personal background information, those who responded gave information on their use of state grants and loans, their attitude towards the State Education Grant and Loan Scheme, their attitudes to their studies and towards gainful employment.

Appendix C. The survey on user satisfaction 1997

The survey is part of a contractual obligation owed by The Danish Students' Grants and Loans Agency towards the Danish Ministry of Education. To provide comparison a similar survey will take place in 1999.

The survey was conducted by Bysted A/S Communication and Design, a Danish consultancy firm, in co-operation with Gallup A/S.

The data used in the survey is based on interviews with students sampled among the approximately 246.000 students who receive grants and loans managed by the Students' Grants and Loans Agency (SUstyrelsen).

The survey combines qualitative and quantitative analyses. Initially, as part of the qualitative analysis, 38 randomly chosen students were interviewed either individually or as members of a focus group. The obtained responses formed the basis of a questionnaire to test the representativity of the qualitative statements and observations contained in the responses. As part of the quantitative analysis, another 1005 randomly chosen students were then interviewed to provide answers to the questionnaire.

Beside giving personal background information, those who responded gave information on their experience of and expectations towards the rules guiding The Students' Grants and Loans, the administrative procedures and the user-service.

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Appendix D. The report on the access to the housing market for newly enrolled students in 1994, University of Copenhagen, 1997.

This report has been prepared in co-operation between the academic administration of University of Copenhagen, the Council of Youth Housing and the Central +++ in Copenhagen to get more knowledge about how newly enrolled students in higher education get access to the housing market and their tendency to move within the first and a half year after enrolment.

The report is based on an empirical study involving students newly enrolled in 1994 in short-, medium- and long-term higher education in the eastern part of Denmark.

A questionnaire was in the beginning of 1996 posted to approx. 1.000 students randomly chosen among all students enrolled in 1994 of which 71,5 per cent responded.

Appendix E. Central Bank of Denmark average exchange rates 1996

Appendix F. Literature

Anthony, S. & Elbrus, J., "Statens Uddannelsesstøtte - et effektivt uddannelsespolitisk styringsinstrument?"; Institut for Statskundskab ved Københavns Universitet, Speciale 1997.

Garsdal, S., "Notat om de studerendes finansiering af studierne"; SUstyrelsen 1996.

Hansen, E.J., "Perspektiver og begrænsninger i studiet af den sociale rekruttering til uddannelserne"; Socialforskningsinstituttet 1997.

Rigsrevisionen, "Beretning til statsrevisorerne om studieforløb og uddannelsesstøtte til studerende ved Københavns og Aarhus Universitet" (Beretning 2/95), 1996.

SUstyrelsen, "SU-støtte og SU-gæld 1996", SUS nr.4, august 1997, SUS nr.3, august 1996, SUS nr.2, oktober 1995, SUS nr.1, november 1994

Von Eyben-udvalget, "Betænkning vedrørende økonomisk støtte til unge under uddannelse, betænkning nr. 506, 1968.

Københavns Universitets studiadministration, Centralindstillingsudvalget i København og Ungdomsboligrådet: "Rapport om unge uddannelsessøgendes adgang til boligmarkedet", København 1997

Bysted A/S i samarbejde med Gallup A/S, "Brugertilfredshedsundersøgelse om SU 1997, SU-støttemodtagerne, Resultater", 1997.

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